Pregnancy and the postpartum period significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC), with the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) rising fivefold during pregnancy and up to 30–60 times postpartum. Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a leading cause of maternal mortality, ranking third among cardiovascular deaths after myocardial infarction and stroke, and is particularly prevalent postpartum. The prevalence of postpartum VTEC is estimated at 1–2 per 1000 pregnancies, with PE occurring in 1 per 1000–3000 cases.

The pathophysiology of VTE is explained by Virchow’s triad: Hypercoagulability, venous stasis, and endothelial injury. Risk factors include previous thromboembolic events, thrombophilia, obesity, cesarean section, and immobility. Clinical manifestations range from superficial thrombophlebitis and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) to iliac, gonadal, and renal vein thrombosis, with PE as the most severe complication.

Early diagnosis is crucial for preventing PE. Key diagnostic tools include duplex ultrasound scanning and other imaging modalities, supported by laboratory testing. Timely identification allows for prompt pharmacological intervention (e.g., anticoagulants) and in some cases, surgical treatment, reducing morbidity and mortality.

A 10-year study in MD GROUP Clinical Hospitals highlights the importance of systematic approaches: Preconception assessment, risk stratification during pregnancy, tailored prevention strategies, and routine duplex scanning postpartum. An individualized, interdisciplinary approach is essential for optimizing outcomes.

Conclusion:

Early diagnosis and risk assessment of postpartum venous thrombosis are vital for preventing PE. Integrating screening, prevention, and individualized care throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period significantly reduces maternal complications and improves survival.

To be Updated