Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a complex infectious condition that affects the female upper reproductive tract and can lead to serious complications such as infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and ectopic pregnancy. Its prevalence is higher among sexually active young women, especially those aged 15 to 24, and is related to risk factors such as multiple sexual partners, a history of sexually transmitted infections, and inadequate contraceptive use. The most common etiological agents include Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, although polymicrobial infections are also common. PID develops due to the ascent of pathogens from the cervix to the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, leading to local inflammation, adhesion formation, and, in specific cases, irreversible anatomical changes. Clinically, it presents as lower pelvic pain, fever, abnormal vaginal dysfunction, and dyspareunia, although subclinical forms are common and hinder early diagnosis. Identification of PID is based on a detailed clinical evaluation, a thorough physical examination, and complementary tests, such as transvaginal ultrasound, PCR for detection of specific agents, and microbiological culture. Initial treatment is predominantly clinical, with broad-spectrum antibiotic regimens, including ceftriaxone, doxycycline, and metronidazole. Surgical intervention is reserved for cases of tubal abscesses or treatment failure. During pregnancy, PID requires careful management, prioritizing safe therapies and close monitoring, due to potential maternal and fetal risks. PID remains a condition of high clinical relevance, requiring early diagnosis, effective treatment, and preventive strategies that reduce reproductive morbidity and long-term complications. A combination of appropriate clinical care, sex education, and epidemiological surveillance is essential to minimize the disease's impact on women's health.

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