Birth defects—or congenital anomalies—affect approximately 1 in 33 infants globally, contributing to an estimated 3.2 million children living with disabilities each year, according to the World Health Organization. In the South-East Asia Region (SEAR), these anomalies were responsible for 9% of under-five deaths and 12% of neonatal deaths in 2015. In countries with declining child mortality—such as Maldives, Sri Lanka, and Thailand—birth defects now account for more than 25% of neonatal mortality, signaling a critical transition in regional health priorities.

This rising burden highlights the urgent need to prioritize early and accurate prenatal screening. Modern techniques such as non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), high-resolution ultrasound, and maternal serum screening have significantly improved the ability to detect structural and chromosomal anomalies during early pregnancy. These technologies offer a safer, earlier, and more precise evaluation of fetal health. Equally important is the role of genetic counseling, which provides vital support in interpreting test results, assessing hereditary risks, and guiding families through complex decisions. Integrating genetic counseling into routine antenatal care ensures that parents receive both clinical and emotional support when faced with potential diagnoses.

Together, prenatal screening and genetic counseling form a powerful framework for reducing the burden of birth defects. They enable timely medical intervention, informed reproductive choices, and improved neonatal outcomes. Importantly, they also reduce psychological stress for families and support better preparedness for postnatal care. To effectively address the rising incidence of congenital anomalies across Asia, it is essential to invest in accessible, affordable, and culturally sensitive prenatal services. Expanding these services equitably across urban and rural areas holds significant promise for preventing disability, reducing infant mortality, and supporting long-term child health.

Priya Yadav completed her PhD at the age of 27 years from PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.  She is the Lead- Geneticist with Meril Life, Vapi, india. She has over 10 publications that have been cited over 90 times, and her publication h-index is 20.