The modern concept of carcinogenesis involves a sequential progression from CIN 1 to CIN 2 and CIN 3, cancer in situ (CIS), and the development of invasive cancer in the context of persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) of high carcinogenic risk. When faced with cervical dysplasia (CD), clinicians must make a decision between conservative management and excisional treatment. The most informative method of studying the epithelium of the CMM is, of course, a histological examination of the specimen performed after its conization, however, this is a very traumatic method. The expression of markers Ki 67 and P16/INK4a in the tissue of the CMM is associated with the severity of dysplastic changes. The additional use of these markers, along with the standard cytological examination, allows for the objectification of the primary diagnosis of the degree of CIN, as well as the allocation of patients with a high and low risk of developing severe damage. This is especially relevant for the CIN2 group, which is the most problematic in terms of treatment and follow-up. The additional use of liquid cytology with Ki 67 and P16/INK4a markers increases the information content and helps to develop an adequate treatment strategy for patients, especially women of childbearing age. 

Mashurov Maksim defended his PhD thesis in 2008 and throughout his practical and professional activities has been engaged in the prevention and treatment of background and precancerous diseases. He heads the department of obstetrics and gynecology in the Mother and Child group of companies. The largest medical company in Russia and Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Tver State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Department of Healthcare Organization and Informatization, associate professor of the department, PhD.